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Title: | Winning the War against Multi-Drug Resistant Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria |
Authors: | Enemchukwu, Chizoba Mercy Oli, Angus Nnamdi Okoye, Ebere Innocent Ujam, Nonye Treasure Osazuwa, Emmanuel O. Emechebe, George Ogonna Okeke, Kenneth Nchekwube Ifezulike, Christian Chukwuemeka Ejiofor, Obiora Shedrack Okoyeh, Jude Nnaemeka |
Keywords: | Diarrhoeagenic bacteria bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina; bitter kola; Garcinia kola E. coli B. cereus S. aureus |
Issue Date: | 10-Jul-2019 |
Publisher: | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
Citation: | Microorganisms, 7, 197 |
Abstract: | Drug-resistant-diarrhoeagenic bacteria are currently emerging healthcare challenge. This study investigated the effects of Vernonia amygdalina, Garcinia kola, tetracycline and metronidazole combinations on such bacteria. Agar well di usion method was employed to determine the inhibitory effects of the herbal extracts on diarrhoeagenic bacteria while Time-Kill Assay was used to determine bactericidal effects of the extracts against test isolates. Interactions between plant extracts and antibiotics were investigated using Checkerboard assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts against the bacterial isolates ranged between 3.125–50 mg/mL, while those of tetracycline and metronidazole ranged from 30–50 g/mL. Synergism was observed against B. cereus and S. aureus for metronidazole + aqueous G. kola at all ratios. Generally, the combinations aqueous G. kola + ethanolic G. kola and aqueous G. kola + ethanolic V. amygdalina showed more pronounced synergism against the Staphylococcus aureus than B. cereus isolates with the fractional inhibition concentration (FIC) indices ranging from 0.32–0.95. Synergism of tetracycline + crude extracts and metronidazole combinations were more pronounced on the test isolates and especially on the Gram-negative organisms with FIC indices ranging from 0.41–0.91. Conclusion: The herbal extracts combinations and extracts–antibiotics combinations are synergistic on diarrhoeagenic bacteria at defined combination ratios. |
Description: | Scholarly Work |
URI: | doi:10.3390/microorganisms7070197 http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/handle/123456789/542 |
Appears in Collections: | Scholarly Works |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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OLI ANGUS NNAMDI 20.pdf | 705.04 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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