Assessment of Community-Based Maternal Health Care Models for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria: A Literature Review

Abstract

Nigeria faces a dual crisis of high maternal mortality and widespread internal displacement driven by conflict. This narrative literature review synthesizes evidence on community-based maternal health care models designed to serve internally displaced persons (IDPs) and conflict-affected populations in Nigeria. Drawing from existing studies spanning 2013-2025, this review examines intervention types, effectiveness, implementation challenges, and policy implications. The evidence reveals diverse community-based approaches including mobile health clinics, community health workers, emergency transport schemes, volunteer obstetrician programs, and faith-based initiatives. These interventions have demonstrated significant improvements in maternal health outcomes, with documented reductions in maternal mortality ratios ranging from 16.8% to 37%, substantial increases in antenatal care coverage, and improved facility delivery rates. However, persistent barriers including insecurity, inadequate funding, cultural norms, and weak health infrastructure continue to challenge sustainable implementation. This review provides critical insights for policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and health practitioners working to improve maternal health outcomes in displacement and conflict settings