http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1213 2026-08-19T14:32:40Z 2026-08-19T14:32:40Z Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye Ofonere, Ifeanyi Ikenna Egwu, Francis Ogbonna Ogboke, Eberechukwu Odichinma http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1278 2026-08-18T17:24:05Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: SOCIAL IMPACTS OF COVID19 PANDEMIC ON THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN NIGERIA Authors: Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye; Ofonere, Ifeanyi Ikenna; Egwu, Francis Ogbonna; Ogboke, Eberechukwu Odichinma Abstract: This paper centers on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal sector workers in Africa with a focus on Nigeria. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Nigeria's informal sector, as well as to prescribe solutions to the concerns. As such, the study adopted a desktop research approach in which a thematic analysis of existing literature on the informal sector in Nigeria served as the basis for the arguments presented. Key issues highlighted in the paper include socio-cultural factors influencing the growth of the informal sector in Nigeria, as well as the socio-cultural factors that worsened the COVID-19/economic crisis in Nigeria. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal sector in Africa as a whole, and Nigeria in particular, was also discussed in the paper. Theoretically, there are two opposing perspectives on the informal economy's role in a crisis: optimistic perspectives that see the informal economy surviving the crisis, and pessimistic perspectives that see the ongoing informal economy continuing to suffer losses, as well as informal workers as vulnerable groups during a crisis. Furthermore, the study provides conclusions and recommendations for resolving the issues. The guidelines include but are not limited to the following: Government should ensure availability and accessibility of quality health services; informal sector workers should collaborate with non-governmental organizations and social workers to press for policy change that will improve their welfare; and finally, government, non-governmental organizations and social workers should provide financial support to the informal sector in the form of low-interest loans and grants to provide capital.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Nnamani, Ngozi Christiana Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1277 2026-08-18T16:39:10Z 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: PERCEPTION OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ON THE DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN ENUGU SOUTH URBAN OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA Authors: Nnamani, Ngozi Christiana; Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye Abstract: The prevalence of sexual violence against women at global and local settings is becoming very worrisome. It is on this note that this study examined Perception of Women of Reproductive Age on the Determinants and Consequences of Sexual Violence against Women in Enugu south Urban of Enugu State, Nigeria. The study participants were women of reproductive age (15-49) in the study area. The sample size was 390 respondents selected using convenience of availability sampling procedure. Instruments for data collection were questionnaire, In-Depth Interview (IDI) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Quantitative data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and analysed using percentages and frequency distribution tables. Transcription of the electronic recorded interview and field notes provided data for the qualitative analysis which was thematically approached. Findings of the study show that sexual violence against women is high in Enugu south urban. The results also show that pornographic pictures/films, alcoholism, gender inequality and patriarchy are factors responsible for sexual violence against women in Enugu South urban. The study recommended that government at all levels should make sure that laws against sexual violence against women are implemented. There should be gender balance, and gender equality between both sexes. Sex education should be inculcated into the school curriculum

2023-04-01T00:00:00Z Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye Okafor, Ndidiamaka Queeneth http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1276 2026-08-16T22:47:09Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: CLIMATE CHANGE, FLOODING, AND POPULATION DISPLACEMENT IN NIGERIA: MIGRATION PATTERNS ACROSS STATES Authors: Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye; Okafor, Ndidiamaka Queeneth Abstract: Climate change-induced flooding has emerged as a critical driver of population displacement across Nigeria, affecting millions of people and disrupting livelihoods, food security, and socioeconomic stability. This literature review synthesizes evidence from studies published between 2013 and 2025, examining the patterns, impacts, and consequences of flood-induced displacement across Nigerian states. The 2012 flood disaster, which displaced over 2.1 million people across 30 states, serves as a pivotal reference point in the literature. Key findings reveal that displacement patterns are predominantly temporary rather than permanent, with affected populations often returning to flood-prone areas due to livelihood dependencies and limited alternatives. The Niger Delta states, particularly Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers alongside Lagos, Anambra, Kogi, and Akwa Ibom emerge as the most severely affected regions. Women and children are disproportionately vulnerable groups, facing heightened risks from livelihood disruptions, housing insecurity, and increased caregiving responsibilities. The review highlights significant gaps in policy responses and underscores the need for comprehensive flood management strategies that address both immediate humanitarian needs and long-term adaptation requirements.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Onyedinefu, Abraham Ozioma Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye Orakwe, Francis Kosisochukwu Akunne, Promise Chinaza http://repository.unizik.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1275 2026-08-16T22:38:03Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: PREVALENCE, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF OPEN DEFECATION AMONG STUDENTS OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA Authors: Onyedinefu, Abraham Ozioma; Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye; Orakwe, Francis Kosisochukwu; Akunne, Promise Chinaza Abstract: This work investigated the prevalence, causes, and consequences of open defecation among students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. This study was embarked upon to investigate the various factors influencing the persistence of open defecation on campus. The study adopted the survey research design, using the multistage sampling procedure in the selection of 204 respondents. The target population were undergraduate students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. A questionnaire schedule served as the instrument for data collection. The collected data were coded and processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Frequency tables and charts were used to analyze, describe and present the data. The study found that open defecation is prevalent among students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Insufficient toilet facilities, poor maintenance, and lack of water supply were identified as the major factors influencing open defecation. Based on the findings of the study, the work recommended that to curb open defecation, it is crucial to provide adequate, well-maintained, and gender-sensitive toilets across campus. The study also recommended sustained hygiene education to promote behavioural change.

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